Learn more about mortgages and how you can use the knowledge gained to make your next home purchase more successful…
CAUTION: 15-minute read
In the current economy in spite of higher interest rates and action by the FED to not lower rates in the United States, there is still a lot of activity with home loans. For those who desire to purchase now or in the near future, there is a lot of uncertainty! However, have you ever thought about the mortgage products that are available that can benefit you optimally or in a more helpful manner in varying economic environments?
With the spring season coming into full bloom and birds chirping about, squirrels running about and young fawns coming into the world with great expectation–so too must you have great expectation if you are considering the purchase of your FIRST home or the moving up into your second home or even better, purchasing a vacation home.
In this discussion TheWealthIncreaser.com will discuss mortgages and mortgage options that are available that could lead to a more successful homeownership period for you and your family whether you are now contemplating buying your first home or moving up to the home of your dreams.
In order for you to gain a more in-depth understanding of this discussion, it may be helpful for you to visit the following links:
ARM (Adjustable-Rate Mortgage)
A loan that is not of a fixed rate but adjusts upward based on certain criteria such as the prime rate. Also goes by adjustable, variable or floating loan among other names. A 5/1 ARM may be at a fixed rate for 5 years and then adjust annually based on market activity, up to an interest cap limit that would be outlined in the closing disclosure and loan documents. Rates on ARMs adjust based on an index selected by the lender!
Adjusted Rate Mortgage (ARM) 2/28 and 3/27 “Fixed Rate” Adjustable Loans
Conventional
A loan issued by conventional lenders (banks, credit unions, mortgage companies etcetera) that utilize 28/36 front-end and back-end ratios in order for borrowers to qualify. However, they also have the ability to adjust those ratios based on certain criteria that they can utilize to adjust the ratios. Your total DTI (Debt To Income) ratio should be around 36% and no more than 43% with most conventional lenders.
A conventional home mortgage is a loan made through a private lender. In comparison to a Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan, a conventional loan often requires a higher credit score to qualify.
Conventional loans are not offered or secured by a government entity, however the loan can be “guaranteed” by the two government-sponsored enterprises known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac!
Conventional mortgages are available through private lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and mortgage companies and the mortgage loan can be guaranteed by the two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs):
1. the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and
2. the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp. (Freddie Mac)
Fannie Mae
- A loan issued by Fannie Mae are originated by “conventional” lenders
- Created in 1938
- Considered a government-sponsored enterprise
- 2-year work history required
Fannie Mae also offers a rehab loan…
Freddie Mac
- A loan issued by Freddie Mac are originated by “conventional” lenders
- Created in 1970
- Considered a government-sponsored enterprise
- may qualify for a loan with a 1-year work history along with a co-borrower
FHA (HUD)
- A loan issued by FHA are originated by “select” lenders
- Created in 1934 and became a part of HUD in 1965
- Loan is secured through GNMA (Ginnie Mae) a government corporation that guarantees mortgage-backed securities (MBS) for the VA and USDA Rural Housing.
- 31/43 on front and back-end ratios
HUD also sells foreclosed homes that were FHA financed and repossessed by HUD
An FHA loan is a loan issued by lenders that is insured by HUD and utilizes 31/43 front-end and back-end ratios in order for borrowers to qualify. However, they also have the ability to adjust those ratios based on compensating factors that they use that are case specific.
If you have a credit score of at least 580, you can borrow up to 96.5% of the value of a home with an FHA loan. Many lenders require a higher score, however the bare minimum if lender offers product is at a score of 580. Also, the required down payment is only 3.5% if you qualify. If your credit score falls between 500 and 579, you can still get an FHA loan, but you will need to make a down payment of at least 10% in order to obtain the loan through the FHA!
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Borrower Eligibility Requirements.”
With FHA loans, the down payment can come from savings, a financial gift from a family member, or a grant for down payment assistance.
Did you know that there are 5 types of FHA loans?
1) Traditional Mortgage
A mortgage that finances a principal residence.
2) Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
This is a reverse mortgage program that helps homeowners aged 62 and older convert the equity in their homes to cash while retaining the home’s title. The homeowner can take the funds as a lump sum, in a fixed monthly amount, in a line of credit, or in some combination.
3) FHA 203(k) Improvement Loan
This loan factors the cost of certain repairs and renovations into the amount borrowed. It’s very helpful for those willing to buy a fixer-upper and put some sweat equity into their home.
4) FHA Energy Efficient Mortgage
This program is similar to the FHA 203(k) improvement loan program, but it’s focused on upgrades that can lower your utility bills, such as new insulation or solar or wind energy systems.
5) Section 245(a) Loan
This program works for borrowers who expect their incomes to increase. The Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM) start with lower monthly payments that increase over time. The Growing Equity Mortgage (GEM) has scheduled increases in monthly principal payments. Both mortgages promise shorter loan terms.
Financial Ratios on FHA Loan
Your mortgage payments, property taxes, mortgage insurance and homeowners’ insurance premiums, and any homeowner association fees must generally total less than 31% of your gross income on a monthly basis. Lenders call this the front-end ratio. Housing divided by your monthly income equals your front-end ratio.
Meanwhile, your back-end ratio, which consists of your mortgage payment and all other monthly consumer debts, should be less than 43% of your gross income on a monthly basis. Housing plus your other monthly debt of 12 months or more divided by your monthly income equals your back-end ratio.
MIP and not PMI would be applicable on an FHA loan!
An FHA loan requires that you pay two types of mortgage insurance premiums (MIPs)—an upfront MIP that can be paid at closing and an annual MIP, which is paid monthly. The upfront MIP is equal to 1.75% of the base loan amount.
For example, if you’re issued a home loan for $350,000, you’ll pay an upfront MIP of 1.75% x $350,000 = $6,125.
You can either pay the upfront MIP at the time of closing, or it can be rolled into the loan and paid monthly along with your other annual MIP! Additionally MIP/PMI that was once deductible is now in a state of flux as Congress has yet to act on reinstating the deduction on schedule A of the 1040 tax return for those who would otherwise qualify.
MIP payments are deposited into an escrow account that the U.S. Treasury Department manages. If you end up defaulting on your loan, the funds will go toward the mortgage repayment.
After the initial, one-time payment, borrowers make MIP payments every month. If the upfront MIP is not financed those payments along with the annual MIP are made monthly. Mortgage Insurance Premium payments can range from 0.15% to 0.75% annually of the loan amount. Rates will differ depending on the loan amount, the length of the loan, and the home’s loan-to-value (LTV) ratio.
FIXED (Fixed Rate Mortgage)
A mortgage where your payment is basically stable unless taxes, special assessments, stormwater fees, insurance or HOA dues increased. You make principal and interest payments monthly, and the loan would have an amortization schedule to let you know when pay down and payoff occurs.
Fixed Rate Mortgages are generally for 15-, 20-, and 30-year terms with most lenders, however you may be able to craft other loan terms–depending on the lender.
USDA
- A loan issued by the USDA and are originated by “select” lenders
- Created as FmHA (Farmers Home Administration) in 1946 and the name has been changed several times, and is now known as USDA Rural Development
- Loan is secured (guaranteed) through GNMA (Government National Mortgage Administration or more commonly called Ginnie Mae), the same agency that secures FHA and VA loans
VA
- A loan issued by the Veterans Administration and are originated by “select” lenders
- Created in 1944
- Loan is secured through GNMA (Government National Mortgage Administration or more commonly called Ginnie Mae), the same agency that secures FHA and USDA loans
Installment Loan
You can purchase your home over a number of years from the seller and once payments are final you would receive title to the property.
Be aware of the pros and cons of utilizing an installment to purchase as there is generally more risk involved than with an outright loan in which you receive the warranty deed and title upon closing.
New Home Builder Loan Incentives
When homes sales are slow or interest rates are high, new builders along with mortgage companies may offer mortgages with a lower APR than what is currently available. In many cases builder’s/mortgage lender will offer rates 1% to 2% less than the prevailing rates. Keep in mind this discount is usually recouped in the selling price or other ways.
Reverse Mortgage
If you are elderly and are at a high equity position with your home and you have a real need for cash, a reverse mortgage may be worth consideration after you have exhausted other options, and they are not sufficient to meet your needs.
Reverse mortgages are offered by conventional lenders as well as the FHA and the potential utilization by you warrants careful analysis, consultation with family members and possibly financial professionals upfront–not after the transaction.
Hybrid Arm
A hybrid mortgage is yet another option as it allows you to get into the home ownership arena. The most common is the 5/1, which has an initial fixed term of 5 years followed by adjustable rates that reset every 12 months.
80/20–20% 2nd mortgage may allow you to avoid MIP/PMI
80/20 with 20% down helps you avoid MIP/PMI
80/10/10–may allow you to avoid MIP/PMI
Other (a home-buying option that you create)
Cash
AS IS often stated, “cash is king” and if you find yourself in financial position to purchase all cash and you have looked at your finances in a strategic manner and determined that a cash purchase will serve you better–a cash purchase can give you peace of mind and a more secure feeling on a daily basis.
You would be in position to truly enjoy life at a high level, and you would eliminate what is for most, their largest bill on a monthly basis that is pulled out of their income and paid monthly.
All things being equal, a cash offer will often be prioritized above other offers in the mind(s) of most home sellers. A comprehensive home inspection will still be appropriate, unless you are willing to live with the risks and have calculated those risks into your home buying strategy.
Lease Purchase
Although, a loan is not initially involved, leasing is yet another way to get into the home ownership arena. The key as a buyer is that you must craft the terms in a way that favors you most–not the seller!
Secondary Market Activity & Mortgages
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, USDA, FHA, VA and other loans are often packaged and sold on the secondary market to help replenish funds for future home buyers.
You want to know how the loan that you get was funded and if you invest in your future, mortgage-backed securities and the various securitized mortgage packages, may be worth adding to your portfolio.
REITs are yet another investment option if you desire to own an interest in real estate and your goal is to not have the day-to-day management responsibilities that come along with real estate that you personally own and rent out to others. REITS, if selected appropriately can provide decent returns over time, however there are risks involved, so use caution.
A-paper loans are the most desirable in the secondary markets as they are those that are packaged with those who have higher credit scores. B-paper loans have lower credit scores and as you might imagine, they carry more risk.
You want to know upfront about the fees that you will be required to pay but could have possibly been avoided if you planned your home purchase more strategically.
You could put yourself in position to avoid the continuous payment of PMI/MIP once you reach a certain equity position (generally 80% LTV) based on your closing disclosure wording and pay off your loan more efficiently. If you put 20% or more down on your home purchase, you will avoid the payment of this insurance that is designed to help lenders in cases where borrower’s default on their home loan.
To reiterate, MIP applies to FHA loans, and PMI applies to conventional loans.
You can eliminate MIP/PMI by putting 20% or more down or using creative options to avoid MIP/PMI!
You can also have PMI removed once you get to a 20% equity position. MIP removal may be more difficult as you may have to refinance to a conventional or streamline your loan through FHA, or put a larger down payment upon purchase in order to avoid the continuous payment of MIP.
The payment of MIP/PMI has become more burdensome with the expiration of the deduction for tax purposes, however there appears to be a good chance that the deduction will be reinstated.
1031 Exchange
If you have rental property, you can possibly do a 1031 exchange and avoid capital gains or ordinary income taxes:
- A 1031 exchange allows investors to defer capital gains tax on the sale of one investment property by reinvesting the proceeds into another like-kind property.
- The like-kind exchange must involve real estate properties, not personal property (except in specific cases, such as real estate businesses).
- The exchanged properties must be in the United States to qualify.
- There are strict time limits: The replacement property must be identified within 45 days, and the exchange must be completed within 180 days.
- Cash or mortgage differences, called “boot,” can trigger tax liabilities
Overall Concerns
All loans have risk and failure to pay as agreed can or will lead to the lender foreclosing on your home and possibly going after you if there is a shortfall after they eventually sell the property.
You must have a favorable credit score upon applying for a loan, regardless of type of mortgage that you select, if you desire a loan at a good or the best rate.
You want to as best you can put yourself in position to avoid getting a loan at a bad interest rate by mastering your credit prior to applying for a home loan (knowing the 5 credit factors and how to use that knowledge for your greater benefit), knowing the 3 credit bureaus (Transunion, Equifax and Experian), and knowing the 2 major rating agencies (FICO and Vantagescore) so that you can achieve more.
By doing what you need to do in advance of your home purchase you put yourself in a better position to enjoy home ownership and achieve other pressing goals that you may have at the various stages throughout your lifetime.
You also want to know what a monthly mortgage consists of prior to–not after your home purchase, along with knowing the realistic cost of maintaining your home.
Mortgage Loan Form 1098 is a mortgage statement that you want to become familiar with as it will outline the principal and interest paid for the year, MIP/PMI payments and possibly property taxes paid for the year. You would receive this form in January or February or the start of the tax season.
The payment of property taxes annually is mandatory, the payment of homeowners insurance while you have a loan is mandatory, PMI/MIP is mandatory but may be able to be canceled on some loans (read your closing documents), homeowner association dues are mandatory–therefore you must make your best effort to plan proactively as opposed to re-actively.
A home purchase is a serious legal contract, and you want to prepare proactively so that you minimize or eliminate any surprise that could potentially arise!
Closing
By doing what you need to do in advance of your home purchase, you put yourself in better position to enjoy home ownership and achieve other pressing goals that you may have.
By knowing what mortgage loans exist in the marketplace and knowing how the mortgage markets work, you are putting yourself in a better position than most 1st time or move-up buyers, and the success that you desire in all areas of your life will be more likely to occur.
You want to select the right mortgage and title your property appropriately right from the start and by seriously contemplating the material in this post, you are doing your part!
A home inspection and appraisal are also something you generally need to do when a loan is involved, and you also want to purchase title insurance (homeowners policy) as it is a requirement of the lender if you will be obtaining financing from them–but you also need title protection to protect your own investment and finance position. After purchase be sure to apply for homeowner’s exemptions that you qualify for by visiting your local tax office.
And just as the falcons and hawks are flying high and swooping down with amazing precision at this time–so too must you at this time spread your wings and fly higher so that you can avoid situations that are dire. It is the desire of TheWealthIncreaser.com that you will choose the right (or at a minimum good) mortgage product(s) as a result of visiting this site so that you can sincerely get your wealth building journey started off right.
Go out into the world and be amazing, as the success that you are about to achieve is not even a thing if you truly believe, because you are now well equipped to receive…
All the best…
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